Agronomy Synthesis

Crop Yield

Convert agricultural yields between tonnes/ha, quintals/ha, kg/ha, and bushels/acre with crop-specific calibration.

Yield Converter
Yield Benchmarks
Wheat 2–8 t/ha
Rice 2.5–9 t/ha
Maize 3–12 t/ha
Soybean 1.5–4 t/ha
Sugarcane 50–120 t/ha
Potato 15–50 t/ha

Frequently Asked Questions

What is crop yield?

Crop yield is the harvested production per unit area of land. It is expressed in tonnes/hectare (t/ha), kg/ha, bushels/acre, or quintals/ha and is used to measure agricultural productivity.

How do I convert tonnes/ha to bushels/acre?

The conversion depends on the crop because bushels have different weights for each grain. For wheat: 1 t/ha ≈ 14.87 bu/acre (60 lb/bu). For corn: 1 t/ha ≈ 15.93 bu/acre (56 lb/bu). For soybeans: 1 t/ha ≈ 14.87 bu/acre (60 lb/bu).

What is a quintal?

A quintal equals 100 kg. It is the most common yield unit used in South Asian and European agricultural reporting. 1 quintal/ha = 100 kg/ha.

What are average world grain yields?

Global average wheat yield is about 3.4 t/ha. Rice averages 4.7 t/ha. Maize averages 5.7 t/ha. High-yielding varieties and intensive management can achieve 8–12 t/ha for these crops.

What is grain vs. straw yield?

Grain yield refers only to the harvestable grain. The harvest index (HI) is grain yield divided by total above-ground biomass. Modern varieties typically have HI of 0.45–0.55. At an HI of 0.5, a 5 t/ha grain yield implies 10 t/ha total biomass.